Turbulence in the Outer Heliosphere

Multifractal Turbulence in the Heliosphere

The Solar Wind in the Outer Heliosphere

This paper reviews solar wind observations in the outer heliosphere, concentrating on new developments in the past 3 years. Voyager 2 has detected an increase in speed and decrease in normalized density, consistent with spending more time in the fast polar ow as it moves to higher heliolatitudes. The proton temperatures continue the increase which began at about 35 AU. We describe a new feature...

The Morphology of Anomalous Cosmic Rays in the Outer Heliosphere

The well established cosmic ray transport equation describes the physics of cosmic ray modulation in the heliosphere and is thought to be complete. Its solution for anomalous cosmic rays has special characteristics due to the local acceleration of these particles at the solar wind termination shock. Some of these characteristics are demonstrated here, namely effects by the strength of the shock...

The Solar Wind in the Outer Heliosphere and Heliosheath

The solar wind environment has a large influence on the transport of cosmic rays. This chapter discusses the observations of the solar wind plasma and magnetic field in the outer heliosphere and the heliosheath. In the supersonic solar wind, interaction regions with large magnetic fields form barriers to cosmic ray transport. This effect, the “CR-B” relationship, has been quantified and is show...

Expansion of magnetic clouds in the outer heliosphere

Context. A large amount of magnetized plasma is frequently ejected from the Sun as coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Some of these ejections are detected in the solar wind as magnetic clouds (MCs) that have flux rope signatures. Aims. Magnetic clouds are structures that typically expand in the inner heliosphere. We derive the expansion properties of MCs in the outer heliosphere from one to five as...